1/28/2024 0 Comments Binocular diplopia![]() These images are relayed to the brain through the optic nerve and the visual pathways, where visual processing occurs to form a single composite image. By adjusting the position of the eyes to counteract the movement of the head, the VOR stabilises the image on the retina and prevents blurring. In addition, images are affected by head position, governed by the oculovestibular reflex (VOR). The horizontal gaze centre is in the pons in the parapontine reticular formation (PPRF) and the vertical gaze centre is in the midbrain reticular formation and the pretectal area. The output from these in turn is coordinated by the supranuclear gaze centres. These cranial nerves arise in the midbrain (third and fourth nerves) and pons (the sixth nerve), with the nuclei linked by the medial longitudinal fasciculus. These in turn are controlled by three cranial nerves, termed the third, fourth and sixth cranial nerves, with the sixth nerve supplying the LR, the fourth the SO and the third the MR, IR, SR and IO. The eyes are moved by six extra-ocular muscles: the lateral rectus (LR), medial rectus (MR), inferior rectus (IR), superior rectus (SR), inferior oblique (IO) and superior oblique (SO). Binocular vision is a complex phenomenon that relies on several components working together.
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